The Zuni and the American Imagination, by Eliza McFeely
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The Zuni and the American Imagination, by Eliza McFeely
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A bold new study of the Zuni, of the first anthropologists who studied them, and of the effect of Zuni on America's sense of itself
The Zuni society existed for centuries before there was a United States, and it still exists in its desert pueblo in what is now New Mexico. In the late nineteenth century, anthropologists-among the first in this new discipline-came to Zuni to study it and, they believed, to salvage what they could of its tangible culture before it was destroyed, which they were sure would happen. Matilda Stevenson, Frank Hamilton Cushing, and Stewart Culin were the three most important of these early students of Zuni, and although modern anthropologists often disparage and ignore their work-sometimes for good, sometimes for poor reasons-these pioneers gave us an idea of the power and significance of Zuni life that has endured into our time. They did not expect the Zuni themselves to endure, but they have, and the complex relation between the Zuni as they were and are and the Zuni as imagined by these three Easterners is at the heart of Eliza McFeely's important new book.
Stevenson, Cushing, and Culin are themselves remarkable subjects, not just as anthropology's earliest pioneers but as striking personalities in their own right, and McFeely gives ample consideration, in her colorful and absorbing study, to each of them. For different reasons, all three found professional and psychological satisfaction in leaving the East for the West, in submerging themselves in an alien and little-known world, and in bringing back to the nation's new museums and exhibit halls literally thousands of Zuni artifacts. Their doctrines about social development, their notions of "salvage anthropology," their cultural biases and predispositions are now regarded with considerable skepticism, but nonetheless their work imprinted Zuni on the American imagination in ways we have yet to measure. It is the great merit of McFeely's fascinating work that she puts their intellectual and personal adventures into a just and measured perspective; she enlightens us about America, about Zuni, and about how we understand each other.
The Zuni and the American Imagination, by Eliza McFeely- Amazon Sales Rank: #2016207 in eBooks
- Published on: 2015-06-23
- Released on: 2015-06-23
- Format: Kindle eBook
Amazon.com Review The ancient settlement of Zuni Pueblo has seen many visitors over the centuries, from Spanish conquistadors to tourists from around the world. For more than a century, it has also drawn great attention from anthropologists, three of whom--Matilda Coxe Stevenson, Frank Hamilton Cushing, and Stewart Culin--brought remarkably different views of the Zuni people to the professional literature.
In this study, historian Eliza McFeely considers the work of Stevenson, Cushing, and Culin at Zuni, which, though influential, often misrepresented the realities of life there. Although of mixed value for anthropologists today, their work, McFeely suggests, reveals much about what contemporary Anglo Americans wished Native Americans to be; their "scientific creation stories" point to the shortcomings and contributions of the anthropological enterprise. A woman committed to science and accustomed to having to struggle in a culture dominated by men, Stevenson, for example, gave undue import to the role of women in Zuni society and revealed secretly observed rituals while dismissing matters of spirituality as superstitious. Cushing, a writer of then-popular books, tended to turn all Zuni expression into fables. "When artifacts and informants could not answer his questions," McFeely holds, "he 're-created' the circumstances and allowed his own intuition to supply the missing links." And Culin was so entranced by Zuni material culture, by baskets and jewelry he acquired mostly from white traders, that he scarcely seems to have noticed the living people of the pueblo.
McFeely's critical study of fieldwork at Zuni throws light on Native American history, and the uses and misuses to which it has been put. --Gregory McNamee
From Publishers Weekly Ever since the publication of Ruth Benedict's bestselling Patterns of Culture in 1934, which imagined the culture of the Zu¤i Indians as a communal alternative to Western individualism, many Americans from utopian novelists like Aldous Huxley and Robert Heinlein to New Age seekers have been riveted by these natives of what is now New Mexico. In her first published work, which began as her dissertation at NYU, McFeely (who teaches American history at the College of New Jersey) explores the influence of the Zu¤is on American culture. Her focus is on the work of three turn-of-the-century ethnologists Matilda Stevenson, Frank Cushing and Stewart Culin which provided the foundation for Benedict's later, better-known studies. Though McFeely may overstate the importance of her own subjects in the complex relationship of Zu¤i to the American consciousness (after all, Benedict's work was more widely read), she offers a fascinating glimpse of the Dark Ages of American anthropology. For example, Stevenson introduced a Zu¤i "princess" to official Washington, apparently unaware that she was a berdache, a man who had chosen to identify with the women of the pueblo. Meanwhile, Culin prepared a hoard of "manufactured artifacts" to send to his Brooklyn Museum's ethnology halls. While Stevenson, Cushing and Culin were sincerely committed to preserving what they thought was a vanishing culture (Zu¤i is very much alive today), it's their "walk-on-the-wild-side" mentality that makes them such irresistible subjects. Despite repetitious, academic writing, McFeely's provocative study will appeal to American history fans, who will never again be able to look at museum dioramas of Native American cultures in the same way. Illus. not seen by PW.
Copyright 2001 Cahners Business Information, Inc.
From Library Journal McFeely (anthropology, Coll. of New Jersey) offers a detailed and thought-provoking examination of the careers of three of the first anthropologists to study Zu$i society. Matilda Cox Stevenson's works on Zu$i religion, mythology, and ethnobotany remain important to the developmental history of American anthropology. Frank Hamilton Cushing's contributions to Zu$i ethnography include studies on folktales, myths, and fetishes and a study of Pueblo pottery. Stewart Culin is most widely known for his anthropological and ethnographic displays of Zu$i material culture as the first curator of ethnology at the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences. Like Stevenson and Cushing, Culin essentially had to create his own credentials and reputation through publication and research. Ironically, these anthropologists considered much of their work on the Zu$is as salvage ethnography, yet the Zu$is have outlasted them and continue to maintain much of their original culture. McFeely demonstrates that anthropologists are not immune to the cultural and political climate of their own times. Recommended for all academic libraries and specialized collections.DJohn E. Dockall, Bernice P. Bishop Mus., Honolulu Copyright 2001 Reed Business Information, Inc.
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1 of 1 people found the following review helpful. Zuni anthropology By Russell Kyncl This work is an academic yet accessible review of the history of interaction between the Zuni Pueblo near Gallup, NM, and anglo anthropologists in the late 19th and early 20th Century. It is an engaging read that will be of interest to anyone facinated with Native American athropology, especially of the pueblo tribes.The issues discussed still resonate in Zuni, and the stories are still being told in the ongoing discussions of the Zunis amoung themselves as they live the tension of maintaining their unique culture, language and religion in the midst of anglo dominance.
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